Electronics

The robot needs electronics to be controlled. The arduino is the

most important part of them and was already discussed. Still four

expansion shields were necessary. one of these was used to

connect the Xbee with the Arduino Uno. The other three were used

for the motors

The Arduino is not intended to drive motors, although the robot needs  them to move. Its primary goal is to send and receive signals, hence the  name microcontroller. The reason motors cannot be connected directly to  the Arduino is because they need a high tension and a high current, both  of which this microcontroller is unable to provide. The solution is a shield  with an H-Bridge. This integrated circuit consists of transistors that will  amplify the signal send by the Arduino and output it to the motors. The  greater tension then provided will increase the motor’s rotational speed.  Because the motor is not directly connected to the Arduino, no damage  can be caused by a too high current.